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<div align="center">
            <h1>Frequently Asked Questions</h1>
            </div>
<h3>0. Where can I read more about XML Signature and XML Encryption?</h3>
<p>First of all, read the original specifications: <a href="http://www.w3.org/Signature/">XML Digital Signature</a> and <a href="http://www.w3.org/Encryption/">XML Encrytpion</a>. Also there <a href="related.html#books">several books</a> available that can
help you get started.<br></p>
<h3>1. License(s).</h3>
<h4> <a name="section_1_1"></a>1.1. Licensing Terms for
xmlsec.</h4>
<p> XML Security Library is released under the <a href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html">MIT License</a>,
see the file Copyright in the distribution for the precise wording. </p>
<h4> <a name="section_1_2"></a>1.2. Can I use xmlsec with
proprietary application or
library? Can I use xmlsec with a GNU GPL application or library?</h4>
<p>Probably, you will need to ask a lawyer. But not-a-lawyer answer
can be found in the following table:
</p>
<table style="text-align: left; width: 85%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2"><tbody>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">XML
Security Library module<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">Dependencies<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">Dependencies
License<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">Using
with proprietary
applications/libraries<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">Using
with MIT/BSD applications/libraries <br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top; font-weight: bold;">Using
with GPL
applications/libraries<br>
</td>
                </tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">xmlsec-core<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">
<a href="http://xmlsoft.org">LibXML2</a>/<a href="http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT">LibXSLT</a>
                  </td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.html">MIT License</a></td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes.<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes.<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes.<br>
</td>
                </tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">xmlsec-openssl (also
requires
xmlsec-core library)<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;"><a href="http://www.openssl.org">OpenSSL<br></a></td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">OpenSSL License<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes.<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes.</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">May be. <a href="http://www.openssl.org/support/faq.cgi#LEGAL2">OpenSSL FAQ</a>
states that OpenSSL library is covered by a <a href="http://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-faq.html#WritingFSWithNFLibs">special
GPL exception</a> thus it could be used in GPLed
applications/libraries. However, some people think that this is not
true (<a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2002/debian-legal-200210/msg00173.html">one</a>
and <a href="http://lists.debian.org/debian-legal/2002/debian-legal-200205/msg00127.html">two</a>).
                  </td>
                </tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">xmlsec-gnutls (also
requires
xmlsec-core library) </td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/">GnuTLS</a><br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">
<a href="https://www.gnupg.org/documentation/manuals/gcrypt/Library-Copying.html#Library-Copying">LGPL</a><br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">May be, talk to a lawyer.<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes.</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes.<br>
</td>
                </tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">xmlsec-gcrypt (also
requires
xmlsec-core library) </td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">
<a href="http://www.gnupg.org/">LibGCrypt</a><br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">
<a href="https://www.gnupg.org/documentation/manuals/gcrypt/Library-Copying.html#Library-Copying">LGPL</a><br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">May be, talk to a lawyer.<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes.</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes.<br>
</td>
                </tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">xmlsec-nss (also requires xmlsec-core library) </td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">
<a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/">NSS</a><br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Dual licensing: <a href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mozilla1.0.php">Mozilla
Public License</a> and <a href="http://www.opensource.org/licenses/gpl-license.php">GPL</a> </td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes.<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes.</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Yes<br>
</td>
                </tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: top;">xmlsec-mscrypto
(also requires
xmlsec-core library) </td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">
<a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/security/">MSCrypto API</a><br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Microsoft licensing:
The libraries are part of MS Windows, and are also distributed with
Internet Explorer.</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Unknown.<br>
</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Unknown.</td>
                  <td style="vertical-align: top;">Unknown.</td>
                </tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>If you have questions about XML Security Library
licensing then feel free to send these questions to the <a href="bugs.html">mailing list</a>.<br></p>
<h3>2. Installation.</h3>
<h4> <a name="section_2_1"></a>2.1. Where can I get xmlsec?</h4>
<p> The original distribution comes from <a href="http://www.aleksey.com/xmlsec/">XML Security Library page</a>.

</p>
<h4> <a name="section_2_2"></a>2.2. How to compile xmlsec?</h4>
<p> On Unix just follow the "standard": </p>
<blockquote> <code>gunzip -c xmlsec-xxx.tar.gz | tar xvf -</code><br><code>cd xmlsec-xxxx</code><br><code>./configure --help</code><br><code>./configure [possible options] </code><br><code>make</code><br><code>make check</code><br><code>make install</code> </blockquote>
<p> At that point you may have to rerun ldconfig or similar
utility to update your list of installed shared libs.<br>
On Windows the process is more complicated. Please check readme file in
            <code>xmlsec-xxxx/win32</code> folder. </p>
<h4> <a name="section_2_3"></a>2.3. What other libraries
are
needed to compile/install
xmlsec?</h4>
<p> The XML Security Library requires: </p>
<ul>
<li><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/downloads.html">LibXML</a></li>
              <li>
<a href="http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/downloads.html">LibXSLT</a>
(optional)</li>
            </ul>
<ul>
<li> <a href="http://www.openssl.org/">OpenSSL</a> version 1.0.0 (or later).</li>
<li>
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/">GnuTLS</a>
</li>

<li>
<a href="http://www.gnu.org/directory/security/libgcrypt.html">Libgcrypt</a>
</li>

<li>
<a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/">NSS</a> -
Mozilla cryptographic library. </li>
            </ul>
<h4> <a name="section_2_4"></a>2.4. Why does make check
fail
for some tests?</h4>
<p> First of all, some tests <b>must</b> fail! Please read
the messages printed before the tests.<br>
If you have other failed tests then the next possible reason is that
some features are not compiled into the library. Re-configure/re-compile xmlsec.<br>
If this does not help then probably there is a bug in the xmlsec or in
the xmlsec tests. Please submit the <a href="http://www.aleksey.com/xmlsec/bugs.html">bug report</a> and I'll
try to fix it. </p>
<h4> <a name="section_2_5"></a>2.5. I get the xmlsec
sources from GitHub and there is no
configure script. Where can I get it?</h4>
<p> The configure (and other Makefiles) are generated. Use
the <code>autogen.sh</code> script to regenerate the configure and
Makefiles, like: </p>
<blockquote> <code>./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr</code> </blockquote>
<h4> <a name="section_2_6"></a>2.6. I do not need all
these
features supported by
xmlsec. Can I disable some of them?</h4>
<p> Yes, you can. Please run <code>./configure --help</code>
for the list of possible configuration options. </p>
<h4> <a name="section_2_7"></a>2.7. I am compiling XMLSec
library on Windows and it
does not compile (crashes right after the launch). Can you help me?</h4>
<p> There are several possible reasons why you might have
problems on Windows. All of them originated in the MS C compiler/linker
and are specific to Windows. Thanks to Igor Zlatkovic for writing these
long explanations. </p>
<p> <b>1) Incorrect MS C runtime libraries.</b> </p>
<p>Windows basically has two C runtimes. The one is called
libc.lib and can only be linked to statically. The other is called
msvcrt.dll and can only be linked to dynamically. The first one occurs
in its single-threaded and multithreaded variant, which gives three
different runtimes. These three then live in their debug and release
incarnations, which results in six C runtimes. Worse, different versions
of Microsoft Visual C/C++ have different runtimes (e.g. MSVC 6.0 
runtime is not compatible with .NET 2003 runtime). The rule is simple:
exactly the same runtime must be used throughout the application.
Client code must use the same runtime as XMLSec, LibXML, LibXSLT,
OpenSSL or any other library used.<br>
If you downloaded XMLSec, LibXML, LibXSLT and OpenSSL binaries from
Igor's <a href="http://www.zlatkovic.com/projects/libxml/index.html">page</a>
then all libraries are all linked to msvcrt.dll (Multithreaded DLL; /MD
compiler switch). The click-next click-finish wizardry from Visual
Studio chooses the single-threaded libc.lib as the default when you
create a new project. And this causes great problems because you
program crashes on first IO operation, first malloc/free from different
runtimes or something even more trivial.<br>
Do not forget that tf you need a different runtime for some reason,
then you MUST recompile not only XMLSec, but LibXML, LibXSLT and
OpenSSL as well. </p>
<p> <b>2) Static linking without correct defines.</b> </p>
<p>When people link statically to XMLSec, then they must <code>#define
XMLSEC_STATIC</code> in their source files before including any XMLSec
header. Almost none is doing that :) This macro has no effect on Unix,
but it is vital on Windows.<br>
This applies to LibXML and LibXSLT as well, no matter if these are used
directly or not. If just XMLSec is used, but everything is linked
statically, then there must be a </p>
<blockquote><code> #define LIBXML_STATIC<br>
#define LIBXSLT_STATIC<br>
#define XMLSEC_STATIC<br></code></blockquote>
<p> before any xmlsec header is included. Even if the
client code doesn't call into libxml at all, still this must be
defined. XMLSec headers will include LibXML headers and they must have
these definitions. Without them, every variable XMLSec includes from
LibXML headers will have <code>__declspec(dllimport)</code> prepended
and that will give headaches if static LibXML is used for linking.<br>
This scheme makes it possible to have any combination of static and
dynamic libraries in the resulting executable. Its cost is the need to <code>#define</code>
apropriate macros. People would ideally define them by using the
compiler's <code>/D</code> switch in projects that link statically. </p>
<h3>3. Developing with XMLSec.</h3>
<h4> <a name="section_3_1"></a>3.1.
xmlSecDSigCtxValidate()
function returned 0. Does
this mean that the signature is valid?</h4>
<b>No!</b><p> Function xmlSecDSigCtxValidate() returns 0 when there
were no <i>processing</i> errors during signature validation (i.e. the
document has correct syntax, all keys were found, etc.). The signature
is valid if and only if the xmlSecDSigCtxValidate() function returns 0 <b>and</b>
the <code>status</code> member of the <code>xmlSecDSigCtx</code>
structure is equal to <code>xmlSecDSigStatusSucceeded</code>. </p>
<h4> <a name="section_3_2"></a>3.2. I am trying to sign
use a
part of XML document using an "Id" attribute but it does not work. Do
you support "Id" attributes at all?</h4>
<p><span style="font-weight: bold;">Yes. </span>LibXML2
and XMLSec libraries do support ID attributes. However, you have to
tell LibXML2/XMLSec what is the name of <span style="font-weight: bold;">your </span>ID attribute. XML
specification does not require ID attribute to have name "Id" or "id".
It can be anything you want! <br></p>
<br><code>Id</code><code>Data</code><blockquote><code> &lt;?xml version="1.0"
encoding="UTF-8"&gt;<br>
&lt;Root&gt;<br>
&lt;Data Id="1234"&gt;<br>
The data I want to sign<br>
&lt;/Data&gt;<br>
&lt;/Root&gt;<br></code></blockquote>
<p>One can use a simple DTD: </p>
<blockquote><code> &lt;!DOCTYPE test [<br>
&lt;!ATTLIST Data Id ID #IMPLIED&gt;<br>
]&gt;<br></code></blockquote>
<p> The DTD might be directly included in the XML file or
located in a standalone file. In the second case, you might load the
DTD in xmlsec command line utility with "--dtd-file" option. <br></p>
<p>2) Use <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/xml-id/">xml:id</a>.
This is a new W3C Working Draft and not all XML parsers support it now
(LibXML2 does!). <br></p>
<p>3) Application can directly declare ID attribute to
LibXML2/XMLSec. If you are using xmlsec command line utility see
"--id-attr" option. If you are writing a C/C++ application
yourself, call<code>xmlAddID</code> function.
However, this approach might make you signature non-interoperable with
other
XMLDSig implementations.<br></p>
<h4>
<a name="section_3_3"></a>3.3.<span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span>I am trying to sign an
XML document and I have a
warning about "empty nodes set". Should I worry about this?</h4>
<p> Most likely <b>yes</b>. When it's not an error from
specification point of view, I can hardly imagine a real world case
that requires signing an empty nodes set (i.e. signing an empty
string). Most likely, you have this error because you are trying to use
ID attribute and you do not provide a DTD for the document (see <a href="faq.html#section_3_2">section 3.2</a>
about ID
attributes).<br></p>
<h4> </h4>
<h4>
<a name="section_3_4"></a>3.4. I am trying to
sign/validate a document but
xmlXPtrEval function can't evaluate "xpointer(id('XXXXXXX'))"
expression. What's wrong?</h4>
<p>First of all, read <a href="#section_3_2">section 3.2</a>
about ID
attributes.
If you have tried to declare required ID attribute in DTD and
you still have problems then I would guess that you are playing with
Visa 3D protocol. This protocol tries to reference to an "id" attribute
defined as CDATA instead of ID in the DTD (it is impossible in XML as
described in <a href="#section_3_2">section 3.2</a>). Even worse, the
value
of this Visa 3D "id" attribute may start from number or contain "+" or
"/" and this breakes <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml#sec-attribute-types">XML
specification</a> again. Based on this, I have to say that Visa
3D protocol does not use XML or XMLDSig specifications. And if you can
then you should
probably let Visa guys know about this problem (thought it was already
done
several times).</p>
<p>The only good solution for this problem is changing Visa
3D protocol.
However,
it might take time. As a short term solution you can use a special
"Visa 3D
hack" in xmlsec. Please note, that nobody (including me) knows what
else
might be broken in your application if you decide to use this hack. You
are on
your own here because this hack makes your application to work with
non-XML
and non-XMLDSig but some "Visa 3D" files. </p>
<p>In order to process "Visa 3D" documents, you need to do
two things: </p>
<ul>
<li>Register ID attributes manually (<code>xmlAddID</code>
function or <code>--id-attr</code> option for xmlsec command line
utility).</li>
              <li>Enable Visa 3D hack in XML DSig context (<code>dsigCtx-&gt;flags
|= XMLSEC_DSIG_FLAGS_USE_VISA3D_HACK</code> or <code>--enable-visa3d-hack</code>
option for xmlsec command line utility).</li>
            </ul>
<b>This is a hack</b><b>. You are warned!</b><br><p><b>UPDATE:</b> It appears that recent version (Novemeber, 2005)
of Visa3D DTD does have this problem corrected and now "id" attribute
is declared as ID. Just get the new DTD and everything should work
without this hack.</p>
<h4>
<a name="section_3_5"></a>3.5. I have a document signed
with a certificate that
is now expired. Can I verify this signature?</h4>
<p> Yes, you can. However, you need to be carefull. Most
likely you do want to make sure that the certificate was not expired
when the document was signed. The <a href="http://www.w3.org/Signature">XML
Digital Signature</a> specification does not have a standard way to
include the signature timestamp. Which means that you need to define
where to put timestamp by yourself. Please note, that the timestamp <b>must</b>
be signed along with the other data.<br>
Finaly set the desired verification time in <code>certsVerificationTime</code>
member of the <code>xmlSecKeyInfoCtx</code> structure. </p>
<p> If you are using xmlsec command line utility then you
can use <code>--verification-time &lt;time&gt;</code> option (where <code>&lt;time&gt;</code>
is the local system time in the "<code>YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS</code>"
format). </p>
<h4> <a name="section_3_6"></a>3.6. I really like the
XMLSec
library but it is based
on OpenSSL and I have to use another crypto library in my application.
Can you write code to support my crypto library?</h4>
<p> The XMLSec library has a very modular structure and
there should be no problem with using another crypto library. For
example, XMLSec already supports <a href="http://www.mozilla.org/projects/security/pki/nss/">NSS</a>,
MSCrypto API and <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/gnutls/gnutls.html">GnuTLS</a>.
Check the latest release and/or the mailing list and you might find
that your library is already supported or someone working on it.<br>
If you are not so lucky, then you can either write some code by
yourself or contact me in private email to discuss possible options. </p>
<h4> <a name="section_3_7"></a>3.7. I really like the
XMLSec
library but it does not
have cipher or transform that I need. Can you write code for me?</h4>
<p> The XMLSec library has a very modular structure and
there should be easy to add any cipher or other transform. Again, you
can either write some code by yourself or try to talk to me in private
email. </p>
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